Assessing High Performers in the Life Sciences: Characteristics of Exams Used at the International Biology Olympiad (IBO) and Their Implications for Life Science Education
For a long time, research have revealed college students’ lowering curiosity in science. Extracurricular studying opportunities-the Science Olympiads being a publicly well-known example-are an necessary means recognized to deal with this problem and assist college students additional differentiate their pursuits. Better understanding the underlying constructs and traits of Science Olympiad exams can present a number of implications not simply for Science Olympiads, but in addition science training extra broadly, for instance, with regard to how the competitions’ worldwide juries defines expectations for excessive efficiency in the life sciences. This examine analyzes exams set by the International Biology Olympiad (IBO) for example for a top-tier worldwide competitors in the life sciences.
The findings lengthen earlier works on check merchandise traits towards scholar competitions and high-performer training. We carried out a scientific evaluation of N = 703 closed-ended and laboratory check gadgets from six IBO evaluation years throughout the competitors’s historical past. A categorical framework was developed to research gadgets based on 4 areas: formal traits, content material and practices, cognitive elements, and the use of representations. Our findings spotlight evaluation traits used to problem high-performing college students. We derive implications for normal life sciences training, in addition to for additional creating the assessments of Science Olympiads.
In this examine, it was investigated whether or not early tweets counts might differentially profit feminine and male (first, final) authors in phrases of the later quotation counts obtained. The knowledge for this examine comprised 47,961 articles in the analysis space of Life Sciences & Biomedicine from 2014-2016, retrieved from Web of Science’s Medline. For every article, the quantity of obtained citations per yr was downloaded from WOS, whereas the quantity of obtained tweets per yr was obtained from PlumX.
Using the hurdle regression mannequin, I in contrast the quantity of obtained citations by feminine and male (first, final) authored papers and then I investigated whether or not early tweet counts might predict the later quotation counts obtained by feminine and male (first, final) authored papers. In the regression fashions, I managed for a number of necessary components that had been investigated in earlier analysis in relation to quotation counts, gender or Altmetrics. These included journal impression (SNIP), quantity of authors, open entry, analysis funding, matter of an article, worldwide collaboration, lay abstract, F1000 Score and mega journal.
Adult Basic Life Support: International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations
This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations on fundamental life help summarizes proof evaluations carried out for 20 subjects that had been prioritized by the Basic Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. The proof critiques embody 16 systematic critiques, three scoping critiques, and 1 proof replace. Per settlement inside the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, new or revised remedy suggestions had been solely made after a scientific assessment. Systematic critiques had been carried out for the following subjects: dispatch prognosis of cardiac arrest, use of a agency floor for CPR, sequence for beginning CPR (compressions-airway-breaths versus airway-breaths-compressions)
CPR earlier than calling for assist, period of CPR cycles, hand place throughout compressions, rhythm examine timing, suggestions for CPR high quality, various methods, public entry automated exterior defibrillator applications, evaluation of rhythm throughout chest compressions, CPR earlier than defibrillation, elimination of foreign-body airway obstruction, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, drowning, and hurt from CPR to victims not in cardiac arrest. The subjects that resulted in the most intensive process pressure discussions included CPR throughout transport, CPR earlier than calling for assist, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, suggestions for CPR high quality, and evaluation of rhythm throughout chest compressions.
Neonatal Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations
This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) for neonatal life help consists of proof from 7 systematic critiques, three scoping critiques, and 12 proof updates. The Neonatal Life Support Task Force usually decided by consensus the kind of proof analysis to carry out; the subjects for the proof updates adopted session with International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation member resuscitation councils. The 2020 CoSTRs for neonatal life help are revealed both as new statements or, if acceptable, reiterations of current statements when the process pressure discovered they remained legitimate.
Evidence assessment subjects of specific curiosity embody the use of suction in the presence of each clear and meconium-stained amniotic fluid, sustained inflations for initiation of positive-pressure air flow, preliminary oxygen concentrations for initiation of resuscitation in each preterm and time period infants, use of epinephrine (adrenaline) when air flow and compressions fail to stabilize the new child toddler, acceptable routes of drug supply throughout resuscitation, and consideration of when it’s acceptable to redirect resuscitation efforts after important efforts have failed.
All sections of the Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm are addressed, from preparation by to postresuscitation care. This doc now kinds the foundation for ongoing proof analysis and reevaluation, which will probably be triggered as additional proof is revealed. After dialogue of the scoping critiques and the proof replace, the process pressure prioritized a number of subjects for new systematic critiques.
